From the concrete structure of the Baroque period to the...

From the concrete structure of the Baroque period to the free-form structure of the Modern period each composer brings forth a new understanding and value to their time period. Within these pieces that they creatively compose it brings new light and displays the culture of the time period. The composers each have story to tell and has each creatively constructed their own works within the diameters of their era. The music of the Baroque period was focused on having music be a tool of communication to its listeners; conveying an arousal of emotions. Composers of this time thought to use this tool to have this effect or one similar to it to correctly match music from the Roman time period. One composer that goes by the name of Georg†¦show more content†¦The piece when played by the performers of the Concert Hour aimed more focus on the bass trombone then the piano. As the bass trombone played it with dynamic and quick sounds the piano followed behind with a soothing melody to fill in the gaps that the trombone could not fill creating a solid structure of both clarity and periodic form displaying Telemann’s music proudly. Following after the Baroque period (1600-1750) and the Classical period (1750-1820) came the Romantic period (1820-1900). The Romantic period gave birth to intense energy and passion to composers to let loose their imagination to their works. This period allowed composers to put in their own feelings and emotions into the creative structure of their work. Also in addition to their emotions being intertwined with their work some composers would put in folk songs and National Anthems as well. Alexander Tcherepnin (1899-1977) is an American composer but of Russian origin. He experimented with different and new scales of music in a Franco-Russian neoclassical style, making Tcherepnin’s form or structure to be one of like rhythm and contrapuntal texture drawing inspiration from earlier classical time periods. One of his works which was performed at the Concert Hour was Andante, Op. 64 for Bass Trombone and Piano. This piece was originally written forShow MoreRelatedHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pagesa truly comprehensive discussion on the topic in such a brief essay. The student is advised to consult more advanced texts to gain further understanding of how to appreciate art more fully. HUMANITIES: What is it? †¢ The term Humanities comes from the Latin word, â€Å"humanitas† †¢ It generally refers to art, literature, music, architecture, dance and the theatre—in which human subjectivity is emphasized and individual expressiveness is dramatized. HOW IMPORTANT IS HUMANITIES †¢ The fieldsRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 PagesJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . The University of Chicago Press and Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of ConsumerRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 PagesJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . The University of Chicago Press and Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of ConsumerRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 PagesThe Essay Writing Process In Greek legend, the goddess of wisdom, Athena, was born fully armed from the head of Zeus. Unfortunately, this is the only recorded instance of instant wisdom. Especially in the medium of the written word, the communication of complex ideas is a process—a process that requires thinking and rethinking, working and reworking. The student who claims to have dashed off an A essay at one in the morning the night before it was due is either a liar or a genius. ThisRead MoreThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 PagesSpanish Colonial Period Chapter Review Arch 117 Abegail Imee R. Enriquez 2012-68836 Spanish Colonial Period How does Spanish Colonial architecture reflect Filipino identity? Discuss the various building types and their relationship to pre-colonial architecture in your arguments. Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over theRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesthe Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some Theoretical Problems Chapter 8. The Modern Cinema and Narrativity, 185 Chapter 9. Mirror Construction in Fellini s 8 1/2, 228 Chapter 10. The Saying and the Said: Toward the Decline of Plausibility in the Cinema? 235 Notes, 253 A Note on the Translation by BertrandRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 Pagesindividuals and societies, is one that receives too little attention in our post-modern world. Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those cultures to exercise a certain moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. As a professional musician for over thirty years I concur with that premise and it is primarily from the axiological, rather than a theoretical or aesthetic viewpoint that I approach

Leadership Styles Of Autocratic Leadership Style Essay

2.4 Which is More Effective TechFunc believes that there is no the most effective leadership style, which can bring the best profit and suit all organizations, in the world. Same to autocratic leadership and democratic leadership styles, they have contrastive characteristics and respective benefits and drawbacks so that they will do positive effects only be utilized right way in suitable condition. When strong control is needed, the autocratic leadership style can be used in this situation where there is no space for error. And autocratic leaders can prevent people from going dangerous way by enforcement when the employees are less experienced and intelligent than them. But if rigid rules are explored in highly professional and independent mind teams, it can lead to anger and morale. Military and Manufacturing are the typical industry involving autocratic leadership style. The democratic leadership style is best used in situations where change is frequent, as the democratic system offers a great flexibility to adapt to better ways of doing things. However, making decision slowly sometimes misses the optimal timing while innovating newer and better products. Also, democratic leadership style can bring the best experience to the highly professional group which capitalizes on their talents by sharing views, rather than simply follow the decision made by the leader. It is very important to combine different areas of expertise to make decision which is very diverse and complex,Show MoreRelatedAutocratic Leadership Style615 Words   |  3 Pagesleads, and the boss drives† (Leadership,). This leadership quote exemplifies a profound perception between someone who leads and someone whose authority merely comes from their position. The â€Å"boss† has the ability to empower and to fire others. On the contrary, a truly a leader does not maneuvers h is authority to enforce rules to his own benefit. They much rather lead than drive those they are responsible for. With that being said, an autocratic leadership style is an authoritarianism, where onlyRead MoreAdvantages Of Autocratic Leadership Style876 Words   |  4 PagesAutocratic is getting things done above anything, and relationships are not important. These type of managers have control over all decisions. The majority of the time autocratic leaders do not accept ideas or advice from others. Managers with autocratic leadership style are controlling and bossy. As a result, these managers treat employees as machines that are needed to get work done. Their interest and goals is above all things. Autocratic leaders provide employees with instructions and expectRead MoreAutocratic And Participative Leadership Styles1285 Words   |  6 PagesAutocratic and Participative Leadership Leadership styles have significant effects on organizations. For instance, it influences organizational culture and determines how leaders address conflict. Ultimately, it impacts organizational performance. Consequently, leaders must adapt their approach to achieve the desired outcome. Therefore, it is imperative leaders understand and can implement a variety of leadership styles. This essay will describe how an autocratic and participative leader’s styleRead MoreThe Importance Of Autocratic And Transformational Leadership Styles1736 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent goals, abilities and techniques to achieve effectiveness. This paper will breakdown Andrew Carnegies road to becoming one of the richest and most generous individuals throughout history. This paper will validate that his autocratic and transformational leadership styles, personality and abilities are responsible for his success and legacy in the 20th century. Charles R. Morris stated What we think of as the m odern American economy was the creation of four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. RockefellerRead MoreAlex Ferguson - Autocratic Leadership Style1590 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Styles: Autocratic Leadership Style This is the type of leadership exhibits by dictators. A leader exerts high levels of power over his or her followers. An autocratic leader gives his or her idea which the team must follow. He or she has no time for deliberations on others ideas before chosing one. In autocracy, time wasting in long deliberations is reduced but most followers will not like being treated as bench warmers without having anything to contribute. For leading unskilled workersRead MoreAutocratic And Democratic Leadership Style883 Words   |  4 Pages(Obiajunwa, 2013). This means project managers may not have the right leadership style or set of skills to effectively manage and complete projects on time. Northhouse (2007) explained three leadership styles authoritarian, democratic and laissez-fair and their influences in his book Introduction to Leadership. Of those three I chose authoritarian and democratic for my research question. Is the authoritarian or democratic leadership style more effective for co mpleting large-scale maintenance projects onRead MoreThe Leadership Style Of Laissez Faire, Democratic, And Autocratic Leadership1367 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Leadership is a quality that every nurse can possess. Though, it takes the qualities of vision, passion, integrity, and empowerment to make an excellent nurse leader (Kelly Tazbir, 2014). Anyone can be a leader (Stonehouse, 2011). If you tell that statement to a brand new nurse, she will likely tell you she will not be a leader because she is unsure of her skills. It is important to recognize this and know that leadership evolves with education. The styles of laissez faire, democraticRead MoreCompare and Contrast Autocratic and Democratic Leadership Styles910 Words   |  4 PagesAutocratic leadership is a classical leadership style with the following characteristics: manager seeks to make as many decisions as possible, manager seeks to have the most authority and control in decision making, manager seeks to retain responsibility rather than utilise complete delegation , consultation with other colleagues in minimal and decision making becomes a solitary process managers are less c oncerned with investing their own leadership development, and prefer to simply work on the taskRead MoreAutocratic Leadership Style. Introduction. Each Individual1195 Words   |  5 PagesAutocratic Leadership Style Introduction Each individual brings their own unique perspective to leadership roles, making leadership styles as varied as the individuals who implement their practice. Varied socio-economic, ethic, and religious backgrounds, as well as a myriad of other variables, lead to an infinitely diverse and unique combination of opinions, beliefs, convictions, which mold the behavioral principles shaping each individual. Certainly, adding to this mix, are the judgements individualsRead MoreLeadership Styles : Autocratic, Bureaucratic, And Laissez Faire Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThere are three main leadership styles: Autocratic, Bureaucratic, and Laissez-faire. Autocratic, otherwise known as Authoritarian, leadership styles assume that employees are externally motivated and incapable of making external decisions. Therefore, orders are given out specifically with clear expectations and deadlines. In this leadership style the leader has the final say in the project (Finkleman, 2012). Democratic Leaders are less productive then authoritarian leaders; however, they tend to

Religion, Politics and Economy Free Essays

Through the analysis of archaeological evidence and sources, historians are now able to gain insight into how society functioned in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Though several factors made up these societies, this essay will only examine three; religion local politics and economy to create a picture of how society was. The citizens of Pompeii and Herculaneum were very religious and believed everything in their lives was controlled by the gods. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion, Politics and Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can see the importance placed on religion from the ten temples in the area, some of which are the Temple Of Jupiter (Capitolium) and the Temple of Apollo. To be a ‘good Roman’ pietas, reverence of the gods was required and was an integral part of the persona of any respected Roman. They worshipped many gods, primarily Graeco-Roman deities such as Mars (Aries) and Venus (Aphrodite). The temples had two functions – to house images and objects associated with the god and to be a place where rituals were carried out by priests to honour the gods. They were simply built and contained a statue of the deity which stood before an alter where an offering could be made. The Temple of Apollo on the left and the Temple of Jupiter on the right Gods were orshipped both in public and in the home. Cicero states ‘The most sacred, the most hallowed place on earth is the home of each and every citizen. There are his sacred hearth and his household gods, there the very centre of his worship, religion and domestic ritual. ‘ Most houses had small shrines called Lararia with small statues or painted images of the Lares (household gods who protect the home and family) or other household gods such as Vesta, the goddess of the hearth and Panates, guardian of the pantry. Some houses had images of a genius who was the spirit of the paterfamilias (master of the house). Lararium in the House of the Vetti, showing the Genius between two Lares Statuettes of Lares in House of the Golden Cupid With the spread of the Roman Empire came new foreign religions and cults which were generally tolerated. The Egyptian cult of Isis became popular and appealed especially to the poor and oppressed thanks to the promise of immortality and rebirth. After the earthquake of 62 A. D, the temple of Isis was rebuilt the most elaborately showing how much she was valued. Images of Isis and other Egyptian deities could also be found in homes. Dionysus, the Greek god of fertility and divine intoxication, was worshipped under the ame of Bacchus. A fresco found in the Villa of the Mysteries depicts him initiating members into his secret society. The worship of Mithras that originated is Persia was also common. The Temple of Isis The imperial cult transcended all other cults and the emperor offered every citizen the opportunity of worshipping him. Worship of the emperor was the most important as we can see through the Temple of Vespasian, the temple of Fortuna Augusta which housed a statue of Augustus and the forum which celebrated the imperial glory through triumphal arches and statues. Altar at the temple of Vespasian ocal politics is shown by the number of political buildings in the forum including the Comitium (voting hall), Basilica, which was originally a law court but morphed into a meeting place for businessmen and politicians, and the three government offices. The electorate consisted of two Duumviri elected each year who has potestas (official power) and the responsibility to oversee revenues and taxation, preside over the town council and perform Judicial roles in court, two Aediles elected each year who were responsible for the care of temples, streets and public buildings and the olding of games, two Duumviri Quinqennales were chosen every five years which performed the same tasks as the Duumviri in addition to revising the citizenship and council roles, and a Prafectus lure Dicundo, who only had power in an emergency. There were various roles that were not accompanied by official political power but were still important. Being a member of the town council (curia), which consisted of eighty to one hundred members, was one such role. The members had influence within the community and needed dignitas and respect from other members before being appointed. A Roman with political ambitions would need to be a free, wealthy man who was driven, had a reputable family or made a good name for himself, have significant dignitas and auctoritas and have connections with those in higher ranking positions. Patrons assisted clients who sought political advancement in return for support in the election campaign. Women did not have the right to vote and weren’t allowed to run for any of the political positions but despite these restrictions women could still have a large influence in society as they had â€Å"borrowed† auctoritas from the men in their family. Studies conducted by Frances Bernstein of the University of Maryland revealed that at least seventeen of the electoral notices show women who, with their husbands, were clients of candidates for office. On the wall of a Pompeian house, one Lollia, With her people’, most probably her family, urged the election of Gaius Julius Polybius as duumvir, one of the chief magistrates. Most of the evidence for politics comes from inscriptions, graffiti and painted notices. Two thousand of these in Pompeii have been classified as electoral notices announcing support for a candidate and calling on the reader to vote for him. An example of this is â€Å"If upright living is considered any recommendation, Lucretius Fronto is well worthy of office† and Note for Lucious Popidius Sabinus; his grandmother worked hard for his last election†. The Amphitheatre at Pompeii is inscribed with a plaque stating the duumviri paid for it as a gift to the citizens and the statue of Marcus Balbus and memorial alter in the baths at Herculaneum suggest he funded the baths. The economies of Pompeii and Herculaneum were small and local, yet diverse and successful due to their prime location on the sea and as Strabo recounted surrounded by the fertile volcanic soils of Mount Vesuvius. † A mosaic discovered in the House of Scaurus with the words ‘Profit is my Joy shows that they had enthusiasm for money making. The economies functioned by the circulation of money through businesses such as pistrina (bakeries), cauponae/taberna (inns/taverns), thermopolia (hot food bars) and fullonica (laundries). Jongman stated that â€Å"agricultural production was the largest contribution to the economy. † Trade was vital to create an income and to help the diverse economy flourish. Most of Pompeian imports and exports are deciphered through pottery. The analysis of these sources show that they imported Egypt and furniture from Naples. Evidence of exports comes from garum Jars found in France and wine amphorae in France, Spain, Germany and Africa. Jongman (2009) argues that fullonicas weren’t a significant industry but contradictory to this Seneca indicates that 600 sheep died in the earthquake and 18 fullonicas were discovered including the House of the Wooden Partician in Herculaneum where a clothes press was found and the Guild of fullers in the Eumachia building. The fulleries were the clothes makers and cleaners of society and they performed multiple tasks including he processing of wool and the washing, cleaning, rinsing, dying and brushing of cloth. The Pompeian workshop sign of M. Vecilus Verecundus showed the process involved which included the washing of the wool in a combination of what was called fullers earth which consisted of earth, potash, carbonate of soda and urine, which was then trodden on by slaves and hung out to dry. One of the largest fullonicas found was the famous Fullery of Stephanus which was installed in a dwelling on the Via dell’Abbondanza. At the entrance was a machine for pressing tunics, a basin in the atrium and a previous peristyle now containing more basins for the dying rocess. Pots were placed outside the fullonicas and on street corners to collect urine from passer byes as the preferred camel urine was a luxury and costly item. In Pompeii and Herculaneum clothing represented status and keeping clothes clean was necessary to be presentable and maintain that status. Over thirty bakeries have been identified in Pompeii with ovens heated with vine branches. Bread was popular because most homes didn’t have ovens and it wasn’t expensive. Bakeries grinded grain on lava stone mills which would press it into flour. The flour was then mixed with water and set on tables for kneading. A mule or onkey turned the mill as we can see from donkey skeletons found in the mills of Herculaneum. Bread was usually sent to be sold in shops but not always as some bakeries had connecting shops and sold their own bread. An example of this is N. Popidius Priscus, who used his freedmen to run the Bakery of Modestus in which 81 loaves of bread were found from the day of the eruption. This bakery shows the economic connections between ex-slaves and the upper classes. Twenty five different pans were discovered at Sextus Patulcus Felix’s shop in Herculaneum which provides evidence that a variety of cakes and breads were on offer. How to cite Religion, Politics and Economy, Papers

Global Marketing and International Relations

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Marketing and International Relations . Answer: Introduction There is a great advancement in technology with increasing globalisation that has changed the way the business operations used to occur in the past. Profitability is ensured when an organisation decides to go global. It may not happen that every business is benefiting from globalisation. While some organizations in the global market is growing healthy such as Apple, Coca-Cola, some are facing challenges in an attempt to establish business successfully in the emerging markets (Dunning, 2014). However, doing business overseas is accompanied by wide ranging challenges while marketing its products considering the legal, cultural, and ethical aspects. BRICS group of countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) which are considered as the largest of the worlds emerging markets (Chang, 2015). There are many other small countries growing rapidly but are presenting number of challenges for international marketers such as Japan or the USA that do not occur to the same degree in devel oped nations (Gilpin, 2016). The report intends to discuss the likely impacts of political and economic factors on marketing in emerging markets. The report deals with the organisation Adidas. In this context, the paper discusses the challenges faced by the organisation when marketing in the emerging markets. The paper will emphasise on the political and economic factors influencing the marketing strategies supporting with literature. Overview of the organisation Adidas group is the worlds leading and gigantic industry for sporting goods created by Adolph Dasslerafter the world war I. The business was initially started with manufacture of sport shoes. The business is reigning in London and Germany. In London Adidas has wide variety of sport products to sell out with plenty of outlets. It manufactures products for different types of sports such as Basketball, Football, Tennis, Cricket, Tennis, Cricket and swimming. To become the leading sports brand in the world is the companys mission. The companys vision is to manufacture products that enhance the life of the people. The target market of Adidas is urban youth particularly the metro cities and competition to lifestyle is the brand position of Adidas (Rudolph, 2016). The companys robust marketing strategies have helped it to gain high brand loyalty from its customers. Marketing is essential for survival of business in global market (Kotler et al., 2015). Marketing refers to the process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying the demands and requirements of the customers profitably. Adidas has extensive marketing infrastructure to reach wide range of customers. It sells its wide range of sports products and equipments in wide range in almost all the countries of the world (Cleff et al., 2013). Such marketing infrastructure is essential for expanding the market size. Giese, (2016) mentioned that the company has established an unparalleled portfolio of promotion partnerships with sports associations recognised internationally (Nufer Ibele, 2015). Marketing plan can be affected by range of factors such as political, economic, social, and cultural and other external environmental factors. In this assignment we will mainly focus on the political and economic factors affecting the marketing of Adidas in emerging markets. Effect of political factors on marketing in emerging markets The political factors are given lot of importance in business field. Business can be effected by government policies that is mandated to be followed by all the companies. Any upcoming legislation can affect the business operations and eventually the marketing plan. The political factor can add a major risk factor to the business according to Chattopadhyay et al., (2012). Hennart, (2012) argued that a company may be ready to tackle the international outcome of politics. For example an increase or decrease in tax can alter the pattern of demand. Gilpin, (2016) described that political factors can affect the economic condition of the business, influence the socio-cultural environment of the target market, impact the rate of new technologies emerging and its acceptance in the target market. For example, the U.S Generation 2015 and Route 2015 for Adidas has increased its geographic growth to tap developing market. In addition other technological innovations such as Micoach and Techfit com pression jerseys have helped to improve the global market presence for Adidas. Hence, it focuses to market its products on the high potential market such as China where it has opened new 500 sales points penetrating deeper into the countrys market with low price (Nufer Ibele, 2015). A companys marketing strategies are effected particularly in emerging market because of corruption level, taxation, tariffs, bureaucracy, data protection law, customer protection and e- commerce employment law, health and safety and environment laws (Chakravarti, 2013). According to Borowski, (2011) decrease in taxation increases the disposal incomes thereby increasing the buying power. In that case, sales will be high even with decrease in marketing level. For example, the Malaysian has stable political situation. The government provides incentives and other added benefits that are more than satisfying to the investors as it guarantees agreement with other popular industrialised countries. Therefore, the operations of Adidas are never effected in this country and are a good ground for flourishing or expanding the market size in Malaysia although it is an emerging market (Cuervo-Cazurra Ramamurti, 2014). The online retailing and adoption of new technologies is slow in countries like South Africa but is fast in developed countries like US, Japan and Germany. Therefore, Adidas has slow market penetrating in South Africa where the demands remain low (Cleff et al., 2013). Owing to the corporate social responsibility, if a product causes environmental damage it is highly likely to suffer from the legal and regulatory authorities in the country the products will be marketed. Kotler et al., (2015) stated that marketing of the product are also effected with the target markets employment law. In 2014, Adidas has faced uncertainty in the consumer market in Russia, due to fall in the value of rouble. The start of the Ukraine crisis the organisation has to close some of the existing stores and open newer ones. Due to uncertainty in Russia, the company had suffered from higher marketing spending at the time of World Cup. Its net income for the year was one third lower than it was estimated (Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News", 2016). Fraud is highly prevalent in small market like India. Adidas has filed a lawsuit against its managing director after uncovering the fraud (Rs 870 crores) at its local unit in Delhi. Sales figure were inflated, profits were overstated by showing more warehouses and fictitious invoices. The law proceedings in India are very slow and in addition it was difficult to reincur the total loss Rs 2,198 crore caused by scandal. This greatly affected the companys marketing plan as it has to settle claims from 500 franchisee. T herefore, it had to go for intense marketing to drive its sales and gain competitive advantage over other sports brands such as Puma, and Nike (Gupta, 2016). On the other hand, the growth oriented policies in US positively influences the business marketing strategies (Thanh, 2014). Adidas highly invests in advertisement and in social media and has opened several stores in US due to the US governments low interest rates. US also maintain the stable currency exchange arrangements (Nufer Ibele, 2015). Adidas earns high profit every year in US which has flexible arrangements for internationally competitive taxand takes serious initiatives in the global value chain in terms of transparency. According to Giese, (2016) Adidas enjoys the changes in US political factors in many ways however, it has negative effect on the hiring of employees. Effect of economic factors on marketing in emerging markets As per Chattopadhyay et al., (2012) the economic factors such as consumer spending pattern, employment level, countrys resources and rate of interest, inflation, exchange of currency greatly affect the marketing of the products. For example the inflation rate alters the buying power of the consumers and hinders the market penetration of the new entrants. With the increase in the inflation rate the profit making of the company decreases. Similarly the, employment level of the country effects the marketing plan. According to Mahdi et al. (2015) the consumer spending on the product also effects the marketing plan of a business. For example, in Brazil and London the consumer spending is high for sports products therefore there is tough competition faced by Adidas. Hence, before the World Cup, Adidas being the sponsor is demanded to come up with latest technologies to gear up marketing. Among other innovations when the company unveiled its digitally connected smart football, it proved the brands dominance was going beyond apparel. For Adidas, small market like India is challenging. In the previous calendar year Adidas raked more than Rs 18,527 crores from China alone compared to Rs 6000 crores in India total sportswear market. Japan and China are considered to be a developed market for Adidas but India being the emerging market (Lu et al., 2016). The E-commerce is growing rapidly in Indias capital city with greater internet penetration. Therefore, Adidas has widely implemented its omnichannel strategyproviding more number product online that are not available in the local stores. Therefore, Adidas is highly spending on its online marketing strategy partnering with four leading e-retailers Jabong, Flipkart, Amzon and Myntra. Morover, in India the low space due to high crowd leads to more payment for its urban stores in India. Therefore, the high rental structure reduces the number of stores and increases more marketing on social media and television (Chakravarti, 2013). In developing markets the size of the labour pool greatly influences the wage system. The global production of Adidas takes place 80% in Asian countries. In these countries the larger part of the job market is informal sector. Consequently huge pool of labourers is underemployed. For example in Bangladesh the total population is 160 million with annual GDP being smaller than Germany by 33 times. In this country, the 80% of the employees are recruited in informal sector. Adidas too have been claimed of poverty wages in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Therefore, it decreased the purchasing power parity. Hence, earning dollar in US and India is different and affects the buying power (Jolliffe Prydz, 2015). In Germany, Adidas has faced decline in net profit by the end of quarter by 11% in 2014 in golf division (Emmerentze, 2016). This was attributed by the negative currency effect. This was due to the continuous weakness of emerging market currencies compared with the euro--in particular the Russian ruble--and discounting and restructuring at TaylorMade-Adidas Golf. The sales increased by 9% when the currency fluctuations were adjusted. The stagnating market has greatly affected the sales profiles of Adidas at the golf division. Therefore, profit denied by the foreign exchange effects the marketing products greatly in developing markets rather than the developed markets. Despite the political instability in Russia and profit warning Adidas was confident of its marketing but the same was the condition in Malaysia, Indonesia, or India it would have greatly affected the market expansion of Adidas decreasing the sales and leading to closure of sales points ("Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News", 2016). Conclusion Based on the above discussion the political and economy factors greatly influence the marketing of Adidas in emerging markets. A global market faces a massive geoeconomic realignment. Therefore, multinational cooperation like Adidas has to rethink every aspect of their business. Adidas must accustom to scarcity. There is clear commencement of global shift in the consumption patterns from the developed to the emerging markets. According to Cuervo-Cazurra et al., (2014) for Asian consumers there is more production in Asian but not for the western ones. The consumption rebalance is in favour of emerging societies that were surviving on less. Adidas must be updated on the latest communication technology. The organisation must develop new managerial and leadership competencies in order to adept at networking to lead teams of increasing diversity. While branching into unfamiliar territories the company must seek collaborative solutions to tap the opportunities at the base of the pyramid. A didas must take advantage of hard-working and hungry employees in Asian countries however, it must be fair with the payment system. The company must let go off the certainties and then become more accustomed with uncertainty as it is obvious to have growing fluctuations and pain to gain market supremacy (Hennart, 2012). References Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News. (2016). BBC News. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-28590235 Borowski, A. (2011). Adidas Marketing Strategy-An Overview. Chakravarti, P. (2013). The Economics of Sports Marketing.Available at SSRN 2383126. Chang, M. C. (2015). Room for improvement in low carbon economies of G7 and BRICS countries based on the analysis of energy efficiency and environmental Kuznets curves.Journal of Cleaner Production,99, 140-151. Chattopadhyay, A., Batra, R., Ozsomer, A. (2012).The new emerging market multinationals: Four strategies for disrupting markets and building brands. McGraw Hill Professional. Cleff, T., Drr, S., Vicknair, A., Walter, N. (2013). Brand experiencehow it relates to brand personality, consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. An empirical analysis of the Adidas brand.Interdisciplinary Management Research,9, 731-754. Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Ramamurti, R. (Eds.). (2014).Understanding multinationals from emerging markets. Cambridge University Press. Dunning, J. H. (2014).The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Emmerentze, E. (2016). Adidas profit dented by foreign-exchange effects. MarketWatch. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/adidas-profit-dented-by-foreign-exchange-effects-2014-11-06 Giese, S. (2016).Implications for Corporate Sponsors Arising from Scandals in Sport. The Case of Adidas and FIFA(Doctoral dissertation, Universidade Catlica Portuguesa). Gilpin, R. (2016).The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Gupta, A. (2016). Why Adidas is cool again. Fortuneindia.com. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://fortuneindia.com/2016/july/why-adidas-is-cool-again-1.8672 Hennart, J. F. (2012). Emerging market multinationals and the theory of the multinational enterprise.Global Strategy Journal,2(3), 168-187. Jolliffe, D., Prydz, E. B. (2015). Global poverty goals and prices: how purchasing power parity matters.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7256). Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lu, X., Liu, H. W., Rahman, M. (2016). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: a case of Nike and Adidas in China.Strategic Change. Mahdi, H. A. A., Abbas, M., Mazar, T. I., George, S. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike, Inc. and Adidas Group with special reference to Competitive Advantage in the context of a Dynamic and Competitive Environment.International Journal of Business Managemetn and Economic Research,6(3), 167-77. Nufer, G., Ibele, F. (2015). The Impact of Social Media Marketing during Mega Sports Eventsan Empirical Study in the Frame of the FIFA World Cup.Quarterly Journal of Business Studies,2(1), 1-24. Rudolph, M. (2016). A Financial Analysis of the Sportswear Company Adidas AG. Thanh, N. T. (2014).Improvement of efficiency for production line by applying line balancing and simulation: A case study in Adidas Company(Doctoral dissertation, International University HCMC, Vietnam).

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essays - , Term Papers

The Presidential Election Of 1972 The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were many issues which had a great deal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of the economy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one the largest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, and cover-up, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a large selection of candidates from which to choose for the primary elections of 1972. There were many well known candidates who entered the race for the nomination. The leading contenders were Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota. Other candidates who didn't receive quite as much recognition were Alabama governor George C. Wallace, Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep. Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, former Senator Eugene J. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. Shirley Chisholm of New York. Chisholm was the first black to run in a series of presidential primaries. (Congressional Quarterly, Guide to U.S. Elections, Third ed., 1994, pg.603-605.) 5 Governor Wallace had a devastating moment in his campaign while in Maryland. In early May a sick young man named Arthur Bremer altered the politics of 1972. As Governor Wallace campaigned toward certain victory in the Maryland primary, Bremer stepped forward out of a shopping-center crowd and shot him four times. Wallace survived, but at the cost of being paralyzed from the waist down. Maryland's voters surged out on election day to give Wallace a huge victory, his last of 1972. While Wallace recuperated, the millions who would have voted for him as a Democratic or independent candidate began to move in overwhelming proportions behind the candidacy began to move in overwhelming proportions behind the candidacy of Richard Nixon. (Benton, William. U.S. Election of 1972. Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973 ed.)1 When the California primary was approaching, Humphrey tried to save the nomination for himself. Humphrey excoriated his old senate friend (McGovern) for his expensive ideas on welfare and his desire to cut the defense budget. It almost worked. But McGovern won all of California's giant delegation, and beat Humphrey 44.3% to 39.1% in the popular vote.5 That loss spelled out the end for Humphrey's Democratic nomination. Many felt Edmund Muskie was sure to win the Democratic nomination for the election of 1972. All political observers agreed on the certainty that Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine would be the Democratic party's nominee.1 As the front-runner, he wanted to snare the nomination early and so was committed to running in all of the first eight presidential primaries. Prominent Democratic politicians lined up eagerly to endorse him. Among them: Gov. John Gilligan of Ohio; Leonard Woodcock, President of the United Auto Workers; Iowa Senator Harold Hughes; and Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp.1 Muskie had many supporters, and a good chance of receiving the nomination, perhaps even becoming the next President of the United States. President Nixon knew that Muskie had a good chance of winning and felt he had to do something to get Muskie out of the race. Nixon had seven men who were loyal to him make up false press releases about Muskie, and his wife. These press releases claimed that Muskie had had affairs with both men and women, that he beat his wife, and then the topper which claimed that Muskies' wife was an alcoholic. These false statements destroyed Muskies' campaign and reputation of being a calm trustworthy candidate. Then one day mounting the bed of a truck parked outside the offices of the archconservative Manchester Union Leader, Muskie launched an attack on the paper's publisher, William Loeb. As he spoke of Loeb's unflattering remarks about Mrs. Muskie, the senator's voice cracked, and the crowd saw tears form in his eyes.1 This incident badly dented Muskie's image. After that event, people saw Muskie as a weak person. They didn't want a weak person running the country. Muskie had finished fourth in Pennsylvania, behind winner Humphrey, Wallace, and McGovern, and a distant second to McGovern in Massachusetts. He then withdrew with dignity. 1 Muskie later said of this incident: It changed people's minds about me, of what kind of a guy I was. They were looking for a strong, steady man, and here I was weak. (Congressional Quarterly, Chronology of Presidential Elections, Fourth ed. 1994, pg.329-330)6 After a long primary campaign, and all the primary elections, Senator George McGovern won the

Free Essays on Argument For Animals

related to the use of animals for scientific research. Each year, 17 to 22 million animals are used in scientific or medical experiments to test new drugs and study disease to insure the safety of products for human use. As early as 500 B.C., animals have been victims of testing and experimentation known as vivisection, to further human medical research. Vivisection, a word that originally meant cutting or performing surgery on a live animal, is a practice that uses live animals for tests in order to protect the public from dangerous chemicals. Sir George Duckett of the Society for the Abolition of Vivisection, 1875, has said about the use of vivisection, "Vivisection is monstrous. Medical science has little to learn and nothing can be gained by repetition of experiments on living animals" (Day 35). This quote shows that even back in the late 1800's, cruelty to animals during research was a concern. Scientists believe that millions of humans would suffer or die without animal experimentation. Doctors maintain that they could not introduce new medicines and vaccines to test safety without animal testing. Even though tremendous breakthroughs have been made in science due to animal research, it is still a highly debated, moral issue among animal activists. concern over the welfare of animals utilized in laboratory practice has led to laws and regulations governing the use of animals to ensure humane treatment. According to organizations such as PETA, (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), animals possess the right not to be treated inhumanely or tortured to benefit mankind. Animal experimentation should be used to advance science only when the animal is not phsically harmed of made to suffer needlessly. The ... Free Essays on Argument For Animals Free Essays on Argument For Animals Argument for Animals Human rights vs animal rights, cruelty, abuse, scientific advances and vivisection are all words related to the use of animals for scientific research. Each year, 17 to 22 million animals are used in scientific or medical experiments to test new drugs and study disease to insure the safety of products for human use. As early as 500 B.C., animals have been victims of testing and experimentation known as vivisection, to further human medical research. Vivisection, a word that originally meant cutting or performing surgery on a live animal, is a practice that uses live animals for tests in order to protect the public from dangerous chemicals. Sir George Duckett of the Society for the Abolition of Vivisection, 1875, has said about the use of vivisection, "Vivisection is monstrous. Medical science has little to learn and nothing can be gained by repetition of experiments on living animals" (Day 35). This quote shows that even back in the late 1800's, cruelty to animals during research was a concern. Scientists believe that millions of humans would suffer or die without animal experimentation. Doctors maintain that they could not introduce new medicines and vaccines to test safety without animal testing. Even though tremendous breakthroughs have been made in science due to animal research, it is still a highly debated, moral issue among animal activists. concern over the welfare of animals utilized in laboratory practice has led to laws and regulations governing the use of animals to ensure humane treatment. According to organizations such as PETA, (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), animals possess the right not to be treated inhumanely or tortured to benefit mankind. Animal experimentation should be used to advance science only when the animal is not phsically harmed of made to suffer needlessly. The ...

BRAND MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

BRAND MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH - Essay Example This allows the company to cater to demands of all type customers. In this essay an attempt will be made to highlight the strengths and weaknesses on the brand of Toyota. The assessment of brand will be done with respect to the concepts of value, image and position of the brand. In the end recommendations will also be made on how brand can improve its performance. Strengths of Toyota Value of a brand can be explained as the net trade off received by the customer from all benefits and costs delivered by the product (Snoj, Korda, &, Mumel, 2004). In simpler words brand value is the utility (benefits minus costs) that a consumer derives from a product. Brand image can be defined as perceptions people have about a certain brand name (Rotfeld, H. 2008). The first thing that comes to peoples mind when seeing a brand is called the image of a brand. Positioning of a brand is the place of a brand in the market with respect to other products. Four components of brand positioning include brandà ¢â‚¬â„¢s overall reputation, product performance, customer portfolio, and networks (Knox, S. 2007). It usually is related to the target market of the brand. The value of Toyota brand is very high among the customers all over the world and this is evident from the sales of the company. The company is known for producing cars that provide comfort, and are at the same time affordable. The company has product line of Camry and Lexus that are aimed at higher target markets. The brand value of Toyota is high because it provides more benefits in less cost, thereby increasing the utility of the consumers. This is one of the most significant strengths of the brand. It can provide high quality of comfort, at a relatively lower cost. This is the reason why the brand is famous in both the developing and the developed world. Almost all consumers like to have luxury but most of them cannot afford Mercedes or Ferrari. They are cost effective and for them Toyota is the answer. It has toughness, and at the same time it does not burden the pockets of the consumer. Recently the company brand value has decreased due to massive recalls of vehicles (Kageyama, Y. 2011), but before that the company enjoyed a leading position in the automobile sector all over the world. This is because of the way Toyota caters to the demand of everyone. This loss in reputation is great but still chances are that Toyota will come out of this crisis. Still it is the world’s second largest automobile company according to the brand value (Cato, J. 2010). The global presence of the company also aids in its brand value because the brand is exposed to many people all over the world. Toyota innovates according to its customer demands and Toyota Hybrid is one of the examples in this regard. The recent focus of people on environment was accounted by the brand and a new product was introduced called Hybrid that was environmental friendly. In a line Toyota delivers to clientele according to their demand an d this is the reason of its high brand value. Brand image of Toyota has been positive for many years and only recently it was affected by the recall. Consumers regard the brand of Toyota not for luxury or style, but for reliability and predictability (Swanekamp, K. 2010). Toyota is a brand that is known for its affordable and tough cars. Affordability is also closely attached to the brand image of Toyota. The worldwide sales of Toyota would have been impossible if the company would not

Grains and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Grains and the Environment - Essay Example The invasive plants are the species of plants (aquatic weeds, shrubs and herbs) that requires careful management to reduce their harmful effects (Ondrasek et al., 2014). Another area of discussion under the Land and Water Management is the land degradation. Land degradation occurs when the land is rendered unstable. The land degradation displays the loss of the vegetation cover, soil fertility. The three categories of the land degradation include; soil erosion, ecosystem decline, and soil erosion. Irrigated Agriculture is a sub-topic that is covered under the Land and Water Management. Under this subtopic, various ways effective irrigation systems are discussed. The catchment hydrology discusses the various hydrological processes that are operating in the eroded catchment so as to determine the relationship between the run-off and the rainfall. The last subtopic under the land and water management is the salinity management. Salinity is brought about through the accumulation of salt in the soil (Irvine, & Doughton, 2001). I have chosen Land and Water management because water and land are the most powerful providers of the ecosystems services. By improving the manner in which we use the water and land, we can boost the food production, helping people adapt to the climate change and mitigate its effects while fostering the biodiversity hence enhancing the contribution to the greener economy (Tang & Rengel, 2003). Nurturing of the land, in particular, is essential to human existence. Therefore, the understanding of the water and land management is important to human life. Another topic that I chose under the PMP is soil. The sub-topics that are covered under this topic are soil management, soil health, coastal acid sulfate soils, soil health checklist, soil matters, soil PH, soil and land survey directory, soil glossary, and soil texture. Soil and land survey directory provide the information of the history of the soils. Soil health, on the other

Causes of the Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Causes of the Civil War - Essay Example As an overview, the American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865 where 11 states from the South of the country secede. With this secession, the 11 states established the Confederate States of America, which was primarily done in order to legislate the presence of slavery in these states. In line with this, the American Civil War must be understood beyond the context of death, but it must be taken into account that the civil war had bore many positive changes and perspective, not only to the American society and political system, but also in the worldwide perspective. To name a few, it had caused the Constitutional amendments, which allowed a stronger relationship between citizens with citizens and citizens with the government. Essentially, the most crucial result of the American Civil War was the abolition of slavery across the country. Nonetheless, it must be noted that prior to the emergence of the American Civil War, there have been cited causes of its coming into existence (The Am erican Red Cross 3; West 2).   The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney, who graduated from Yale University, and was able to go to South Carolina to tutor the children of wealthy farmers. As a graduate from Yale University, the people in South Carolina were aware of the intelligence of Whitney. One of the individuals who used this information critically was Catherine Greene, who owns a large cotton plantation in Savannah Georgia. Greene invited Whitney to her farm as a guest, and there she encouraged Whitney. to invent a machine that will allow workers to remove seen from the cotton. Whitney accepted the proposal, and after 10 days, he was able to come up with the cotton gin. With the invention of Whitney, the South was able to experience a growth in the production of its cotton. In particular, it was able to produce 8 million pounds of cotton in the span of two years after the invention of the cotton gin broke out. However, his contribution did not end here because after 12 yea rs of using the cotton gin, the American South was able to produce 80 million pounds of cotton. It was inevitable that the region was already economically up scaling due to the invention of the cotton gin (Hazen 4). The demand of cotton in the international market grew high; the American South producers considered this as an opportunity. However, the American South considered this success to be dependable on the slave labor. With this in hand, the agricultural and the societal system in the American South had greatly depended in the presence of slaves and the aspect of slavery. During the year 1860, it was recorded within the slave states that there were already 3.5 million slaves. In average, there was a minimum of five slaves and a maximum of 20 for every slave owner (Griess 7). The slaveholders of the South found that the slaves were true to their work and were more efficient. However, even with these positive working attitudes of the

Googles Entry in Publishing | Dissertation Proposal

Googles Entry in Publishing | Dissertation Proposal DISSERTATION PROPOSAL GOOGLE: AT THE FORE OF A PUBLISHING REVOLUTION Abstract Google Inc. is poised to ignite a technological revolution in publishing, a revolution that will establish the company as a leader in the publishing industry. This thesis will be supported by applying existing theories on industry and organisational life cycles, technology, and business strategy to the current state of the publishing industry vis-à  -vis internal factors at Google. Hypothesis Google Inc. is strategically poised to ignite a technological revolution in the publishing industry, a move that will permit Google, already proclaimed as â€Å"the top search engine in the world† (Piper 2004), to become the dominant player in the electronic publishing, or e-publishing, industry and a major force in the broader publishing industry. Importance of the Topic Today, the world is witnessing the beginnings of a technological challenge to traditional ‘paper and ink’ publishing. This challenge, which is not unlike that posed by Internet enterprises to traditional ‘brick and mortar’ retail establishments, banks, and service organisations, is being led by Google Inc. Based on a theoretical foundation, this research will explore the convergence of new technologies and organisational factors that Google is strategically leveraging to revolutionise publishing and to achieve leadership status in the publishing industry. Theoretical Base for the Research Research will be based on industry and organisational life cycle theories as well as classic technology theory and its relevance to the life cycle theories and business strategy. Industry life cycle theory suggests that industries pass through a series of stages which affect factors such as competition, consumer demand, and strategy. Organisational life cycle theory suggests that all organisations evolve through a typically predictable set of sequential stages in which their thinking and behaviour change. The concept of technology in this context refers to the methods and mechanisms that organisations use to transform inputs into outputs. The application of technology, through the implementation of organisational strategies, can affect industry and organisational life cycles. The theory of competitive position suggests that organisations adopt strategies that reflect their positions in the market. Prior Research on the Topic Google’s Web site (n.d.) states that its mission is â€Å"to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful†. Deutschman (2005) reports that Google, founded in 1998, has experienced phenomenal sales growth of more than 400,000% in the past five years, making it the fastest growing company in history. He states that the market value of the company is US$80 billion. Wikipedia (n.d.) traces Google’s history from its inception as a research project in 1996 through today and furnishes insight into management and salaries, the corporate culture, acquisitions, and legal and social issues. Google has been described as â€Å"more than a search engine, less than a god† (Piper 2004) and as â€Å"the 800-pound octopus that is filling potential rivals with dread and envy†, implicitly threatening competitors with acquisition or elimination. (Elgin and Hesseldahl 2005). Glover (2004) summarises Google’s business model as one w hich offers its services to the public at no cost, earning its revenue from advertisers who post links to their own Web sites then pay fees to Google based on the number of people who make the link from Google to the advertisers’ sites. Elgin and Hesseldahl (2005) provide significant insight into Google’s ambitious business expansion plans and its challenges to major industry players. Notess (2005) reports on Google’s first entry into the e-publishing arena with Google Answers. Pike (2005) describes Google Scholar and the Google Library Project as continuing forays into the e-publishing industry; M2 Presswire (2004) explains Google Library in more depth. Notess (2005) compares Google Scholar with Scirus, a competitive product. Peek (2004) reports on Google’s relationship with DSpace, a company devoted to capturing, storing, indexing, preserving, and redistributing university research results, and the Electronic Education Report (2003) describes Google’s relationship with DK Publishing in a joint effort to install an encyclopaedia for young people on the Web. Jesdanun (2005) reports on the impact Google Library is having on the publishing industry. Ferguson (2005) and Dodson (2005) provide in-depth analyses of Google’s cross-industry plans for the future as well as plans specifically relating to the publishing industry. Finally, Carvajal (2005), Degtyareva (2005), Liedtke (May and August 2005), and PR Newswire (2005) pose global issues that Google as well as publishers and authors are facing with regard to Google’s e-publishing plans. In addition to the sources surveyed for information about Google, research was conducted into the history of publishing, industry life cycle, technology theory, organisational life cycle, and business strategy formulation. Feather (1990) and Millgate (1987) write extensively about the history of publishing. The Columbia Encyclopedia (2004) defines publishing in a broad sense as â€Å"making something publicly known† then continues by describing its history, the emergence of publishing firms, new technologies, and mergers and acquisitions. Proctor (2000), in advising that industry life cycle is a key factor in business strategy planning, identifies and describes in detail the three stages that comprise an industry’s life cycle – growth, maturity, and decline – as well as the characteristics of industries at each stage. Pitt (2000) explores the philosophical meaning of and various definitions for technology. Daft (1998, citing Rosseau 1979 and Perrow 1967) d efines technology as â€Å"the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform inputs into outputs†. Daft (1998) likens the life cycle of an organisation to that of a person (i.e. birth, growth, and death), citing the following as stages through which an organisation passes during its development: entrepreneurial stage, collectivity stage, formalisation stage, and elaboration stage. Smith and colleagues (1991) provide a conceptual framework and a comprehensive methodology for developing and implementing business strategies. Research Approach The selected approach involves using secondary research to support the stated thesis. The interrelationships among industry and organisational life cycle, technology, and business strategy theories will be explored then related to the history of the publishing industry to explain the reasons that the industry is at a stage where it is susceptible to fundamental change. Finally, based on the established theoretical foundation and the publishing industry’s susceptibility to change, data collected about Google Inc.’s history, mission, business model, financial status, competitors, challenges, technologies, and plans for the future will be used to show that the company is in a unique position to take advantage of the publishing industry’s susceptibility to change by fundamentally changing publishing technology thereby allowing Google to become the dominant player in the electronic publishing, or e-publishing, industry and a major force in the broader publishing indus try. Limitations and Key Assumptions This project will not involve the use of primary research as sufficient secondary data exists. The research will allude to the many business opportunities that Google is currently exploring to highlight the extent of the company’s expansion plans, but will concentrate on the company’s e-publishing initiatives. Only the theories identified in this proposal will be used to prove the thesis. No assumptions are being made. Contribution to Knowledge The contribution to knowledge resulting from this research will be to use industry and organisational life cycle, technology, and business strategy theories and their interrelationships to demonstrate how Google can leverage its position and new technologies to fundamentally change a major existing industry and to establish a leadership position in that industry. Proposed Chapters It is envisioned that the dissertation will consist of six chapters: (1) introduction, (2) survey of prior research, (3) research methodology, (4) research results, (5) analysis of results, and (6) summary and conclusions. References Carvajal, Doreen (2005) ‘German publishers, Google challenge’, International Herald Tribune, June 6, 2005. (The) Columbia Encyclopedia (2004) Book publishing. Daft, Richard L. (1998) Organization Theory and Design, Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Degtyareva, Victoria (2005) ‘New Google digital library hits copyright roadblocks’, University Wire, September 21, 2005. Deutschman, Alan (2005) ‘Can Google stay Google’, Fast Company, August 1, 2005. Dodson, Angela P. (2005) ‘A whole new meaning for the verb to Google Between the lines: The inside scoop on whats happening in the publishing industry’. Black Issues Book Review, March 1, 2005. Electronic Education Report (2003) ‘DK Publishing teams with Google to launch new e-encyclopedia’, August 29, 2003. Elgin, Ben and Hesseldahl, Arik (2005) ‘Google’s grand ambitions’, Business Week, September 5, 2005. Feather, John (1990) ‘The printed book’ and ‘Publishing before 1800’, Coyle, Martin et al., eds., Encyclopaedia of Literature and Criticism, London: Routledge. Ferguson, Charles H. (2005) What’s Next for Google, January 2005. Web Site: http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/05/01/issue/ferguson0105.0.asp, [Accessed: October 18, 2005]. Glover, Tony (2004) ‘Google IPO locks out foreign investors – or does it?’, Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News, May 9, 2004. Google (n.d.), Corporate Information: Company Overview, Web site: http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/index.html, [Accessed: October 19, 2005]. Jesdanun, Anick (2005) ‘Google project shakes up book publishing’, Wisconsin State Journal, September 22, 2005. Liedtke, Michael (2005) ‘Google halts scanning of copyrighted books’, Associated Press, August 13, 2005. Liedtke, Michael (2005) ‘Publishers protest Google Library project’, Associated Press, May 24, 2005. M2 Presswire (2004) ‘Google checks out library books; The Libraries of Harvard, Stanford, the University of Michigan, the University of Oxford, and The New York Public Library join with Google to digitally scan library books and make them searchable online’, December 14, 2004. Millgate, Jane (1987) Scott’s Last Edition: A Study in Publishing History, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Notess, Greg (2005) ‘Scholarly Web searching: Google Scholar and Scirus’. Online, July 1, 2005. Peek, Robin (2004) ‘Googling DSpace’, Information Today, June 1, 2004. Perrow, Charles (1967) ‘A framework for the comparative analysis of organizations’, American Sociological Review 32. Cited in Daft (1998). Pike, George H. (2005) ‘All Google, all the time’, Information Today, February 1, 2005. Piper, Paul S. (2004) ‘Google spawn: The culture surrounding Google’, Searcher, June 1, 2004. Pitt, Joseph C. (2000) Thinking about Technology: Foundations of the Philosophy of Technology, New York: Seven Bridges Press. PR Newswire (2005) ‘Google Library project raises serious questions for publishers and authors, August 12, 2005. Proctor, Tony (2000) Strategic Marketing: An Introduction, London: Routledge. Rousseau, Denise M. (1979) ‘Assessment of technology in organizations: Closed versus open systems approaches’, Academy of Management Review 4. Cited in Daft (1998). Smith, Garry D. et al. (1991) Business Strategy and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. Wikipedia (n.d.) Google, Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google, [Accessed: October 18, 2005].

OBriens Things They Carried Essay: Experiences and Emotions :: Things They Carried Essays

Experiences and Emotions in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried is not a novel about the Vietnam War.   â€Å"It is a story about the soldiers and their experiences and emotions that are brought about from the war† (King 182).   O'Brien makes several statements about war through these dynamic characters.   He shows the violent nature of soldiers under the pressures of war, he makes an effective antiwar statement, and he comments on the reversal of a social deviation into the norm.   By skillfully employing the stylistic technique of specific, conscious detail selection and utilizing connotative diction, O'Brien thoroughly and convincingly makes each point.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The violent nature that the soldiers acquired during their tour in Vietnam is one of O'Brien's predominant themes in his novel.   By consciously selecting very descriptive details that reveal the drastic change in manner within the men, O'Brien creates within the reader an understanding of the effects of war on its participants.   One of the soldiers, "Norman Bowler, otherwise a very gentle person, carried a Thumb. . .The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch. . . It had been cut from a VC corpse, a boy of fifteen or sixteen"(O'Brien 13).   Bowler had been a very good-natured person in civilian life, yet war makes him into a very hard-mannered, emotionally devoid soldier, carrying about a severed finger as a trophy, proud of his kill.   The transformation shown through Bowler is an excellent indicator of the psychological and emotional change that most of the soldiers undergo. To bring an innocent young man from sensitive to apath etic, from caring to hateful, requires a great force; the war provides this force.   However, frequently are the changes more drastic.   A soldier named "Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy. . .Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the firing device"(O'Brien 39).   Azar has become demented; to kill a puppy that someone else has adopted is horrible.   However, the infliction of violence has become the norm of behavior for these men; the fleeting moment of compassion shown by one man is instantly erased by another, setting order back within the group.   O'Brien here shows a hint of sensitivity among the men to set up a startling contrast between the past and the present for these men.   The effect produced on the reader by this contrast is one of horror; therefore fulfilling O'Brien's purpose, to convince the reader of war's severely negative effects.